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By I. Angir. Texas Southern University.

Hunter indicated that between-laboratory coefficients of variation might still be much smaller than suggested by Mr cheap rumalaya gel 30 gr on line. Several speakers questioned what action should be taken if the results on samples of one or more quality control pools in an assay were found to be anomalous purchase 30 gr rumalaya gel overnight delivery. There was agreement that such a situation could only be resolved in the light of clinical requirements and of accumulated quality-control experience with that type of assay. Correction of the results on unknown samples for within-assay drift was not a satisfactory expedient. Additional information on assay quality might sometimes be obtained in terms of the distribution of clinical results, for example the percentage of normal values. Such features might, of course, vary according to the source of the samples submitted for assay, or with time. Further discussion was directed towards the determination and utilization of precision profiles. At the same time it was vital to pay attention to the precision profile at every step in any assay. In particular, examination of the dose-response curve alone was insufficient as a basis for the optimization of assay conditions. In this procedure, differences between duplicate responses had at first been converted directly to standard deviations by dividing by yJ2. It was recently recognized, however, that the sampling distribution for duplicate samples drawn from a Gaussian population imposed a bias on the corresponding sample standard deviations as estimates of the population standard deviation. Because of this, it was more correct to divide the differences between duplicate responses by 0. Once the precision profile had been determined, a working range for the assay could be established as the range of doses over which the coefficient of variation in measured dose remained within some limit of acceptability. Derivation of the response-error relationship as described required Gaussian distribution of the data points in each “bin”, which was not strictly the case. Taking the median standard deviation in each bin rather than the mean value might be more appropriate. He stressed that an arbitrarily defined working range was not equivalent to the statistically determined valid analytical range to which he had referred. Hunter again pointed out that the ultimate consideration in any assay must still be its accuracy. Finally a speaker raised the question of statistical errors in precision profiles. Rodgers agreed that such profiles could only be regarded as approximate and indicated that there was no defined procedure for calculating their uncertainties. Edwards commented that the only answer to this problem lay in establishing the envelope of repeated profiles for assays of the type concerned. Hunter stressed the need to define carefully the data base in this regard; if precision profiles derived from different parts of an assay varied, special methods of analysis might be necessary. Medical College, Agra, India Quality control in radioimmunoassay requires, inter alia, estimation of bias and imprecision both within an assay as well as between laboratories. The concept of a precision profile described by Ekins [ 1] depicts the variation of coefficient of variation on the analyte concentration attributable to non-counting random errors with the hormone concentration. In the developed countries automatic data processing is usually performed through computer programs, which have •. However, laboratories with extremely limited financial resources have no option other than to use manual computational methods. A simple pencil and paper method based on the Middlesex Hospital method of Malan and Ekins [4] was adopted for evaluating the precision profile manually. On the other hand, automatic data analysis and subsequent deduction of precision profile (Fig. R e sp o n se -e rro r re la tio n sh ip F S H a ssa y , d a te d 2 A u g u s t 1 9 8 0. The complete analysis involved measurement of standards, storage of the standard curve (Fig 4), measurement of unknown sources and extraction of the precision profile (Fig. In a busy radioimmunoassay laboratory, where a large number of in-vitro assays are routinely performed, precision profile determination is important. It is also needed in centres developing new assay methods or frequently experimenta- ting with redesign of assay protocols. Under such circumstances the manual method of delineating the precision profile not only needs considerable manpower, but can be easily vitiated by unnoticed human error leading to wrong conclusions and interpretation of assay results. The other advantages of the automatic data processing system are : (1) Automatic recognition and display of fault conditions and (2) Evaluation of non-counting and counting components of random errors inherent in the overall coefficient of variation, and also the provision of a larger number of quality-control parameters as compared with manual methods. Each batch of labelled T4, specific activity 40—60 ßd/ng, was used for a period of eight weeks.

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According to this criterion generic rumalaya gel 30gr line, subclinical hypothyroidism is a relatively common finding generic 30gr rumalaya gel overnight delivery, affecting 2% to 7% of adults. With the growing incidence of iodine deficiency, we expect this last cause will become more commonly recognized. Basal Body Temperature Before the use of blood measurements, it was common to diagnose hypothyroidism on the basis of basal body temperature (the temperature of the body at rest) and Achilles reflex time (reflexes are slowed in hypothyroidism). With the advent of sophisticated laboratory measurement of thyroid hormones in the blood, these functional tests of thyroid function fell by the wayside. Yet it is affected by so many other variables, including adrenal function, body composition, activity levels, menstrual status, and immune function, that it has very little specificity for thyroid function. Nonetheless, it is a good general screening test that is easy to do and virtually without cost. The function of the thyroid gland can be determined by simply measuring your basal body temperature. Shake down the thermometer to below 95°F and place it by your bed before going to sleep at night. Record the temperature for at least three mornings (preferably at the same time of day) and give the information to your physician. Menstruating women must perform the test on the second, third, and fourth days of menstruation. Therapeutic Considerations The medical treatment of hypothyroidism, in all but its mildest forms, involves the use of desiccated thyroid or synthetic thyroid hormone. Although synthetic hormones have become popular, many physicians (particularly naturopathic physicians) still prefer the use of desiccated natural thyroid, which contains all thyroid hormones, not just thyroxine. At this time, it appears that thyroid hormone replacement is necessary in the majority of people with hypothyroidism. In particular, the use of thyroid replacement is very important in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, as it achieves two objectives: it normalizes thyroid hormone levels and also decreases autoimmune processes. We prefer desiccated thyroid, as it may stimulate blocking antibodies to antithyroid antibodies or act as a decoy for thyroid antibodies. Some patients are found to recover from Hashimoto thyroiditis after an extended treatment time with thyroid hormone and no longer need to be maintained on replacement, but the majority will require lifelong replacement therapy. The thyroid extracts sold in health food stores are required by the Food and Drug Administration to be thyroxine-free. In other words, think of health food store thyroid preparations as milder forms of desiccated natural thyroid. If you have mild hypothyroidism, these preparations may provide enough support to help you with your thyroid problem. Since it is important to nutritionally support the thyroid gland by ensuring adequate intake of key nutrients required in the body’s manufacture of thyroid hormone and avoiding goitrogens (see above), most health food stores’ thyroid products also contain supportive nutrients such as iodine, zinc, selenium, and tyrosine. Iodine and Tyrosine Thyroid hormones are made from iodine and the amino acid tyrosine. The average intake of iodine in the United States, once estimated to be more than 600 mcg per day, is now less than half that. Vegans, especially those who are pregnant, should be careful to ensure adequate iodine intake, as their levels are typically low. For this reason, and because the only function of iodine in the body is for thyroid hormone synthesis, it is recommended that dietary levels or supplementation of iodine not exceed 600 mcg per day for any length of time. Vitamins and Minerals Zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and vitamin A function together in many body processes, including the manufacture of thyroid hormone. A deficiency of any of these nutrients would result in production of lower levels of active thyroid hormone. Supplementation with zinc has been shown to reestablish normal thyroid function in hypothyroid patients who were zinc deficient, even though they had supposedly normal serum T levels. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), and C are also necessary for normal thyroid hormone manufacture. Exercise Exercise is particularly important in a treatment program for hypothyroidism. Exercise stimulates thyroid gland secretion and increases tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormone. Many of the health benefits of exercise may be a result of improved thyroid function. The health benefits of exercise are especially important in overweight hypothyroid individuals who are dieting. A consistent effect of dieting is a decrease in the metabolic rate as the body strives to conserve fuel. Diet The recommendations given in the chapter “A Health-Promoting Diet” are suitable, with the following caveat: the diet should be low in raw goitrogens and high in foods rich in the trace minerals needed for thyroid hormone production and activation. Goitrogens to be limited include brassica-family foods (turnips, cabbage, rutabagas, mustard greens, radishes, horseradishes), cassava root, soybeans, peanuts, pine nuts, and millet.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Piper betle Linn cheap 30 gr rumalaya gel visa. Diabetes was induced in overnight fasted wistar strain albino rats by single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of alloxan (100mg/kg) in distilled water rumalaya gel 30 gr with visa. The characteristicts of diabetes such as polydipsia, polyuria, hyperglycemia and unexplained weight loss were reported in alloxan induced diabetic rats during the study. Significant reduction of blood glucose level was observed at 2hr , 3hr and 4hr after administration when compared with that of control group (p<0. Central nervous system depression, muscle paralysis, cyanosis around mouth and nose, pulmonary congestion and gastric erosions were observed in acute toxicity study with lethal dose. Concurrent histological studies of the pancreatic islets showed beta cells were necrotic and pyknotic nuclei with a homogenous cytoplasm and alpha cells were unaffected in alloxan induced diabetic rats. It was concluded that the present study clearly showed that aqueous extract of Piper betle Linn. Tin May Nyunt; Ohnmar May Tin Hlaing; Zaw Htet; Ohnmar; Thaw Zin; Khin Chit; Aye Than. While herbal medicine is the oldest form of medicine extensively practiced in Myanmar, it is still a very young science. It has also been claimed to be devoid of hazardous side effects which are often experienced by western anti-hypertensive agents during long-term use. With the aim to establish the therapeutic status of Plantago major in actual clinical practice, a clinical trial was carried out on 10 mild to moderate hypertensive patients who are attending an outpatient department of Thingangyun Sanpya Hospital, Yangon. The initial blood pressure between 140/90mmHg and 160/90mmHg was controlled with the trial dose 5 tablets (1. Comparative study with other standard drugs and long is conducted in future research. Tin May Nyunt; Khine Khine Lwin; Than Than Aye; May Aye Than; Khin Chit; Thein Kyaw; Ohnmar May Tin Hlaing; Min Wun; Nu Nu Win. A clinical trial to determine the antihypertensive effect of medicinal plant, Plantago major Linn. After washout period of 3 days of stopping anti-hypertensive drugs, patients were treated orally with Plantago major Linn. Monitoring of blood pressure and vital signs were done on day 1, day 2, and day 3 and weekly up to 12 weeks. The results showed that reduction of blood pressure from baseline level was found at (0. After 12 weeks of treatment with this trial drug, it was observed that significant reduction of mean blood pressure was from 150±2. This trial drug decreased the mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure from baseline level by 21mmHg (p<0. Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from some plant ingredients of traditional medicine formulations. May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Khin Myo Naung; Aye Than; Myint Myint Khine; San San Myint; Mya Thet Lwin. Anti-inflammatory activities of all essential oils of these three plants were observed to be 75. There were no significant differences in anti- inflammatory activity of essential oil of all plants and between the standard drug, aspirin. In Myanmar, 80% of school children had gingivitis and 18% of then had periodonated destruction. Bacterial plague in oral cavity is regarded as the primary local etiological factor in inflammatory disease. Preventing and controlling of periodonated disease would prevent the microbial colonization of plague on the teeth and gingival. There are varieties of antiseptic mouthwashes in modern dental practice, but chlorhexidine gluconate is the most effective anti-plague mouthwash, which is not cheap and easily available. This study with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of Ponna-yeik mouthwash, which was easily available at low cost, was conducted at the Institute of Dental Medicine, Yangon. The study design was randomized controlled clinical trail and chlorhexidine gluconate was used as positive standard drug. Twenty patients with typical chronic gingivitis who participate this study were randomly divided into two groups, 10 patients for 0. The plaque score, bleeding on probing supra-gingival plaque formation, staining effect and severity of gingivitis were examined prior to the clinical trail, as baseline and 4 weeks after trial. Both chlorhexidine and Ponna-yiek mouthwashes showed significant effectiveness in plague score, bleeding on probing and severity of gingivitis when compared to before treatment. Staining effects were observed in patients who used chlorhexidine but not in patients who used Ponna-yeik mouthwash. There were no significant differences between two groups in all scores except staining score after 4 weeks of treatment.

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